Nutrition interventions for youth with dyslipidemia: a National Lipid Association clinical perspective
Source : https://www.lipidjournal.com/article/S1933-2874(22)00218-5/fulltext
It is well known that atherosclerosis begins in childhood and accelerates by age 20.1 Lifestyle interventions, including a heart-healthy dietary pattern, daily moderate-to-vigerous physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight, and avoiding tobacco use, are the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction in youth with acquired and genetic dyslipidemia.2-4 When adopted early and sustained over a lifetime, heart-healthy lifestyle habits are critical in maintaining overall health and reducing risk of premature CVD and CVD-related events.
Conclusions: The goal of this National Lipid Association Clinical Perspective is to provide guidance for healthcare professionals caring for youth with disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, including nutritional guidance that complements the use of lipid lowering medications.
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• Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology
• Relevance: “The goal of this National Lipid Association Clinical Perspective is to provide guidance for healthcare professionals caring for youth with disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, including nutritional guidance that complements the use of lipid lowering medications.”
• Atherosclerosis, which begins early in life, can be mitigated by nutritional changes, although little guidance exists regarding nutrition in youths with dyslipidemia. Nutrition and other lifestyle interventions can potentiate the effects of lipid-lowering medications. Lifestyle changes should be addressed using a multidisciplinary, family-oriented approach. Data on supplements in children with dyslipidemia are scant.
• In children with familial hypercholesterolemia, for example, nutritional interventions include total fat comprising 25%-30% of daily calories; unsaturated fats, 18%–23%; and saturated fats, <7%. Other guidance includes no trans fats, plant sterols/stanols of 2 g per day, and 14 g of fiber per every 1000 calories consumed. Children aged more than 2 years should engage in 60 minutes of moderate or vigorous activity/play per day.
• “Children and adolescents may present with mental health concerns, which can create barriers for successful implementation of lifestyle changes,” the authors concluded. “Some youth may require counseling and/or treatment with medications, including antipsychotics, many of which have been associated with weight gain and unhealthy metabolic profiles …. Ideally, care should be provided within the context of a multidisciplinary team, with clinicians who can address concomitant mental health and social barriers. When this is not possible, it is important to screen for comorbid psychosocial risk factors, and seek out collaborative, specialist care clinicians.”