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Impact of the SGLT2-inhibitor empagliflozin on inflammatory biomarkers after acute myocardial infarction - a post-hoc analysis of the EMMY trial - Cardiovascular Diabetology

Impact of the SGLT2-inhibitor empagliflozin on inflammatory biomarkers after acute myocardial infarction - a post-hoc analysis of the EMMY trial - Cardiovascular Diabetology

Source : https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-023-01904-6

Background SGTL2-inhibitors are a cornerstone in the treatment of heart failure, but data on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is limited. The EMMY trial was the first to show...

Conclusion: Trajectories of inflammatory biomarkers showed a pronounced decline after AMI, but Empagliflozin treatment did not impact this decline indicating no central role in blunted systemic inflammation mediating beneficial effects.

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Combined lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in a female diabetic patient with severe heart failure

Combined lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in a female diabetic patient with severe heart failure

Source : https://journals.lww.com/cardiovascularendocrinology/Fulltext/2023/09000/Combined_lactic_acidosis_and_ketoacidosis_in_a.3.aspx

fety profile for both drugs, the expanding use of these agents in clinical practice may lead to an increased incidence of rare side effects, like metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) and...

Conclusion: This case illustrates the potentially serious risks associated with metformin and SGLT2i. Because of their association in one unique pill in addition to the growing evidence around the benefits of SGLTi, these drugs are likely to be more and more prescribed, and thus, clinicians need to be aware of MALA and EDKA in order to...

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Empagliflozin Reduces Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Heart Failure

Empagliflozin Reduces Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Heart Failure

Source : https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/13/4458

Background: The inhibition of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with heart failure. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely...

Conclusions: The empagliflozin-induced improvement of quality of life and functional capacity in patients with HFrEF and type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a substantial reduction of interleukin-6 levels. Thus, anti-inflammatory effects may contribute to the benefits of SGLT-2-inhibitors in heart failure.

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Updated guideline for heart failure

The 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure has been updated with new recommendations based on recent data.

Key updates

For heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) comprises 4 classes of medications (GDMT-4).

  1. renin-angiotensin system inhibition with the following:
  • angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNis);
  • angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis);
  • angiotensin (II) receptor blockers (ARBs) alone;
  1. beta blockers;
  2. mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs);
  3. the newly added group, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is).


For heart failure with mildly reduced LVEF, new medication recommendations include the utilization of SGLT2is. Importantly, SGLT2is have a Class of Recommendation (COR) 2a in HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF), with weaker recommendations (i.e., COR 2b) issued for ARNi, ACEi, ARB, MRA and beta blockers.

For patients with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), new drug recommendations include the utilization of SGLT2is (i.e., COR 2a); MRAs (i.e., COR 2b); and ARNis (i.e., COR 2b). Of note, a COR 1 is considered “strong,” with benefit >>> risk; COR 2a, “moderate,” with benefit >> risk; and COR 2b, “weak” with benefit > risk.

What role do SGLT2is play in your management of HF and does your use align with the 2022 heart-failure guideline? Which patients are particularly responsive to this class of medications?

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  • 2yr
    Yes. I use SGLT2 inhibitors for heart failure associated risk reduction especially with patients with diabetes and/or patients at risk for kidney disease progression. Benefits include prevention of cardiovascular Show More
  • 2yr
    I would recommend the use of SGLT2 esp. in diabetics not only does it lower BP, some weight loss, CV and renal benefits as well

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Left-to-right ventricular volume ratio and outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Left-to-right ventricular volume ratio and outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Source : https://journals.lww.com/jcardiovascularmedicine/Abstract/2023/08000/Left_to_right_ventricular_volume_ratio_and_outcome.10.aspx

xamined all HFpEF outpatients undergoing a cardiac magnetic resonance from 2011 to 2021. The left-to-right ventricular volume ratio (LRVR) was defined as the ratio between the LV and right ventricle...

Conclusion: LRVR values less than 1.0 or at least 1.4 are associated with worse outcomes in HFpEF. LRVR may become a valuable tool for risk prediction in HFpEF.

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