Conclusions/Relevance: In this review, we summarize the animal models constructed to study the cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is to help deliver a more comprehensive understanding of the in vivo work that has been done in this field and to help select the most optimal animal model to use when studying the different cardioprotective...

Conclusions: One-week pretreatment with empagliflozin ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury, reduces MI size and microvascular obstruction, increases myocardial salvage, preserves left ventricle systolic function, and lowers apoptosis and oxidative stress. Periprocedural intravenous infusion of BOHB during myocardial ischemia also induces...

Conclusions: The EMPULSE trial findings illustrate how deaths, clinical events and patient-reported outcomes can be integrated into a win ratio analysis strategy that yields clinically meaningful findings of patient benefit. This has implications for future trial designs that recognize the clinical priorities of patient evaluation and the...

Conclusions: Empagliflozin treatment is associated with consistent reductions in LVMi in patients with T2D and CAD independent of baseline NLR.

Summary: In a large survey including nearly 400 doctors from all over Spain to provide real-world opinion on 2021 ESC HF Guidelines and experience with SGLT2 inhibitors, women follow more frequently the new paradigm of “4 pillars at lowest doses”, consider more frequently the establishment of quadruple therapy before implanting a cardiac...

Conclusion: The mechanisms linking NT-proBNP to anxiety may be more complex than originally assumed. While effects of NT-proBNP on anxiety may be mediated by perceived social support, there may be an additional negative effect of anxiety on NT-proBNP. Future research should consider this possible bi-directionality of the association and...

Conclusion: Myocardial flow reserve assessed by CZT-SPECT was significantly reduced in patients with HFpEF. A lower MFR was associated with a higher hospitalization rate in these patients. Myocardial flow reserve assessed by CZT-SPECT has the potential to predict future adverse events and stratify the severity of disease in patients with...

Conclusion: In patients with moderate FMR and HFpEF, isolated AVR might be more reasonable than AVR-MVS.

Relevance: With new data gathering these past years as well as the development of a new drug class showing promising results, this review provides an up-to-date focused synthesis of existing medical treatment options and future directions for HCM pharmacological treatment.

Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors may have a role in inpatient management of acute HF, provided there is close monitoring for fluctuations in hemodynamic, fluid, and electrolyte status. Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors at the time of acute HF may promote optimized GDMT, continued medication adherence, and reduced risk of CV outcomes.

Conclusion: Health status in patients with HFpEF is impaired, especially in elderly, women, and those with obesity and comorbidities. Empagliflozin improved health status among all key subgroups studied with a greater effect in obese patients.

Discussion: The RCTs investigating the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitors found robust results on significant reductions in three-point MACE (MACE-3), HHF, as well as renal function in patients with HF across the range of phenotypes according to LVEF (HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF). Additionally, a meta-analytic effect of AF as one of the adverse...

Conclusions/Relevance: Most recently the SGLT-2 receptor blockers have shown efficacy in both HFrEF and HFpEF. The only other oral or injectable diabetes agent shown to improve outcomes in both is metformin.

Conclusions/Relevance: Critical gaps in implementation of exercise-based therapies for patients with HFpEF, including exercise setting, training modalities, combinations with other strategies such as diet and medications, long-term adherence, incorporation of innovative and more accessible delivery methods, and management of recently...

Conclusion: Given the paucity of effective therapeutics for HFpEF, galectin-3 shows promise as a possible HFpEF-linked biomarker that may, with further study, inform and predict treatment course to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions/Relevance: The participants included in this study had various basal metabolic indices, ages, glomerular filtration rates, and diabetic status characteristics. Although these patients were quite different, after the administration of SGLT2i, the studies showed a beneficial effect in reducing CVD mortality and morbidity in patients...

Conclusion: In patients admitted with decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, left bundle branch block is associated with increased odds of cardiac arrest, mechanical circulatory support requirement, device implantation and mean cost of hospitalization but decreased odds of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion: Our results appear to contradict the mainstream concepts regarding the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2i since we found no significant therapeutic benefits in SGLT2i to reduce the incidence of ACS, PAOD, or IS when compared to placebo or oral hypoglycemic drugs.

Conclusion: There was no increased risk of myotoxicity reporting associated with concomitant use of SGLT2i and statins or for specific drug pairs.