Comparing timelines and evidence available to support new TB, HIV, and HCV drug approvals: The same, only different
Source : https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271102
Background Tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share a global presence and propensity to disproportionately affect marginalized populations. However, over recent decades, many fewer drugs...
Conclusions: The dramatic disparities observed in TB drug development reaffirm the importance of several actions. Increased investment in TB research and development is necessary to rapidly advance drugs through the pipeline. Development plans and partnerships must provide safety and efficacy evidence on combinations and durations that are...
High-level dolutegravir resistance can emerge rapidly from few variants and spread by recombination: implications for INSTI salvage therapy - PubMed
Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35848510/
The integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) dolutegravir is commonly used in combination antiretroviral therapy regimens and retains strong potency even with primary resistance mutations to some other INSTIs. Acquisition of...
Conclusion/Relevance: Here, we conducted a detailed case study of one of these individuals and find that T97A-containing HIV emerged from a large replicating population from only a few (≤4) viral lineages. When combined with primary INSTI resistance mutations, T97A provides a strong selective advantage; the finding that T97A-containing...
Approved HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the past decade
Source : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211383521004433?via=ihub
HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors are the important components of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) for anti-HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis in clinical practice. Many RT inhibitors and their combination...
Conclusion/Relevance: Many RT inhibitors and their combination regimens have been approved in the past ten years, but a review on their drug discovery, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy is lacking. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of RT inhibitors (tenofovir alafenamide, rilpivirine, doravirine, dapivirine, azvudine and elsulfavirine)...
Decreased dolutegravir and efavirenz concentrations with preserved virological suppression in patients with TB and HIV receiving high-dose rifampicin
You do not currently have access to this article. Don't already have an Oxford Academic account? Register Decreased dolutegravir and efavirenz concentrations with preserved virological suppression in patients with TB...
Conclusions: Compared to standard-dose rifampicin, high-dose rifampicin reduced dolutegravir and efavirenz exposures but HIV suppression was similar across treatment arms. Higher-dose rifampicin was well-tolerated among people living with HIV, and associated with a trend towards faster sputum culture conversion.
Dolutegravir twice-daily dosing in children with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a pharmacokinetic and safety study within the open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority ODYSSEY trial
Source : https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(22)00160-6/fulltext
More than 1 million children develop tuberculosis (TB) worldwide every year and, of these, 50 000 are estimated to have HIV-associated TB. Children living with HIV are at increased risk of...
Conclusion/Relevance: Treatment of HIV-associated TB is often complicated by overlapping drug toxicities, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with TB (TB-IRIS), and drug–drug interactions between anti-TB and antiretroviral drugs. Rifampicin is an essential component in the treatment of drug-sensitive TB, but is also a...