This review explores the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, focusing on hypothalamic obesity (HyOb), its pathophysiology, and the challenges in translating molecular discoveries into effective treatments.

This review assessed interventions to prevent obesity in children, finding that dietary, activity, and combined interventions have minimal or moderate effects on BMI and zBMI, with limited evidence on serious adverse events.

This review analyzes weight loss interventions (bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy, lifestyle changes) on obesity-related biomarkers in endometrioid EC, finding significant reductions in proinflammatory markers and hormones, but highlighting study limitations and gaps.

Ceramides are bioactive lipids involved in cellular functions like metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. Their accumulation contributes to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation, highlighting their potential as diagnostic tools.

Childhood obesity, often simple and environment-driven, can stem from rare endocrine causes. Early detection and treatment of endocrinopathies are crucial for reducing morbidity and reversing obesity-related disturbances.

This review highlights the common micronutrient deficiencies in individuals with obesity, particularly after bariatric surgery, emphasizing the importance of screening, nutrition management, and addressing malnutrition to improve health outcomes.

Natural bioactive compounds, including curcumin, resveratrol, and probiotics, show promise for obesity management by influencing metabolism, reducing inflammation, and improving insulin sensitivity, offering affordable alternatives to conventional obesity therapies.

Obesity triggers systemic low-grade inflammation via pro-inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, leading to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Anti-inflammatory agents may offer therapeutic potential but require further clinical validation.

This review highlights key biopsychosocial factors contributing to obesity in children and adolescents, analyzing risks across six developmental stages, and summarizing causal factors from pre-conception to adolescence.

Obesity is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes, with weight loss improving blood glucose control. A combined approach of diet, exercise, and lifestyle modifications is crucial for prevention and management.

This paper reviews obesity-related ciliopathies, like Alström and Bardet-Biedl syndromes, emphasizing primary cilia’s role, clinical variability, and the need for biomarker research to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment insights.

MASLD, replacing NAFLD, links liver steatosis to cardiometabolic risks, with CVD as a leading cause of death. Screening via SCORE2, lifestyle changes, statins, and anti-hypertensives are recommended treatments.

The article reviews obesity and its comorbidities, highlighting organ-specific mechanisms, effective treatments like bariatric surgery, emerging pharmacological options, and the potential of targeting the gut-brain axis for future therapies.

Obesity affects 42% of US adults, increasing health risks. Effective treatments include behavioral interventions, GLP-1 agonists, and bariatric surgery, achieving 5-30% weight loss based on individual needs.

Caloric restriction in middle-aged adults with obesity and prediabetes significantly alters circulating SASP biomarkers, though T-cell senescence markers remain unchanged, indicating reduced senescent cell burden linked to weight loss.