At ENDO 2025, Dr. Monica Laronda (Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University) highlighted emerging research investigating how GLP-1 therapies and rising obesity rates may influence puberty onset, menarche timing, and sex-specific disease expression—particularly in adolescents with high BMI or genetic susceptibility. She also discussed environmental and epigenetic drivers of endocrine disruption and underscored the need to consider sex as a biological variable in metabolic research. Dr. Shellsea Portillo (St. Louis University Hospital) presented retrospective data indicating that GLP-1–associated weight loss significantly improved testosterone levels in obese men with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a possible avenue for further exploration as a non-hormonal strategy for managing obesity-related hypogonadism. Together, these insights underscore GLP-1’s emerging but preliminary role in reproductive and metabolic endocrine health.
Severe obesity with hypo-leptinemia - PubMed
Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40128964/
Some cases of obesity are thought to be associated with hypo-leptinemia. This may cause decreased appetite suppression resulting in increased appetite, leading to weight gain. Replacement therapy with leptin might...
A case of severe obesity with hypo-leptinemia, absent leptin gene mutations, suggests possible hypothalamic dysfunction and abnormal adipocyte expansion; leptin-replacement therapy may benefit such patients.
The Microbiota and Evolution of Obesity - PubMed
Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39673174/
Obesity is a major global concern and is generally attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary origins of obesity...
This review proposes that immune system evolution and pathogen defense (metaflammation), combined with gut microbiota genetics, contribute to obesity's origins, emphasizing a multifactorial, evolutionary and polygenic understanding of the epidemic.
Obesity, white adipose tissue and cancer - PubMed
Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39496581/
White adipose tissue (WAT) is crucial for whole-body energy homeostasis and plays an important role in metabolic and hormonal regulation. While healthy WAT undergoes controlled expansion and contraction to meet...
Obesity-induced white adipose tissue dysfunction promotes cancer through systemic inflammation, altered metabolism, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, establishing bidirectional interactions that support tumor growth and reveal potential therapeutic targets.
In a phase 2b study, efruxifermin added to stable GLP-1RA therapy in MASH patients with T2D was safe and reduced hepatic fat fraction by 65% vs. 10% with GLP-1RA alone. It also improved noninvasive fibrosis and metabolic markers without impacting weight loss benefits.


